粮食产量连续八年超一点三万亿斤——从丰收答卷看端牢饭碗底气与实力******
冬至时节，寒风瑟瑟。尽管皖北平原温度已降至零摄氏度以下，安徽省涡阳县宋来宝农作物种植专业合作社理事长宋来宝却并不担心庄稼地里的麦苗。“目前田里的麦苗80%以上是壮苗，抗冻性强。”
宋来宝告诉记者，2022年他种植了约3000亩小麦，苗情长势好得益于前期科学种植，“播种期里，我对农田进行了两次机器镇压，土壤上实下松，保温性更好，确保麦苗能够安全越冬。”
粮食安全是“国之大者”。今年，我国有力克服北方罕见秋汛导致冬小麦晚播、局部发生新冠肺炎疫情和南方持续高温干旱等不利因素影响，全年粮食实现增产丰收，粮食产量连续8年稳定在1.3万亿斤以上，彰显了端牢中国饭碗的底气与实力。
耕地是粮食生产的命根子。去年底召开的2021年中央农村工作会议部署抓好粮食生产，明确要求“稳定粮食面积”。
今年，中央继续提高小麦、稻谷最低收购价，稳定玉米、大豆生产者补贴和稻谷补贴政策，先后向实际种粮农民发放一次性补贴400亿元，提高农民种粮积极性。各地强化耕地用途管制，通过退林还田、间套复种、农田连片整治等方式，挖掘面积潜力。全国粮食播种面积17.75亿亩，比上年增加1051.9万亩，增长0.6%。
耕地保护既要保数量，也要提质量。今年以来各地加紧推进高标准农田建设，不断改善农业基础设施，为实现粮食高产稳产、农业高质高效奠定基础。到2022年底，我国高标准农田将累计建成10亿亩。
在河北省秦皇岛市昌黎县马坨店村，老书记刘兆云望着阡陌纵横、路畅渠通的农田告诉记者，近年来村里实施方格布局、完善田间灌排设施、整修农田道路等工程措施，达到地平整、土肥沃、水畅流、路相通的标准，极大提高了土地质量和土地利用率。“现在1个小时就能浇完一亩地，不仅降低成本提高效率增加了效益，还解放了劳动力，粮食产量和亩效益也大大提高。”刘兆云说。
向良田要粮，也要向科技要粮。从智能农机、植保无人机等新装备的推广，到保护性耕作、测土配方施肥、病虫害绿色防控等新技术的运用，依靠农业科技不断提升粮食单产水平，成为粮食连年丰收的关键密码。
“作为新型农业经营主体，在小麦越冬保障上，现在我们更加注重因地因苗科学管理，针对弱苗，在温度适宜时将增施叶面肥促进麦苗由弱转壮。”宋来宝说。
在北大荒集团，无人种田、无人收割等智慧生产方式已大量应用，5G、北斗导航、移动互联网等技术和服务团队的加盟，形成了各方支撑粮食生产的合力。当前，黑龙江省农业科技进步贡献率达69.4%，农作物耕种收综合机械化率达98%。我国整体农业科技进步贡献率已突破61%，农业科技研发实力进入世界前列。
着眼未来，我国稳定粮食生产仍然面临一些风险挑战，要始终绷紧粮食安全这根弦，抓紧抓牢粮食生产，把饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。
党的二十大报告要求，“全方位夯实粮食安全根基”。近日召开的中央经济工作会议提出，“实施新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动”。
“要实现粮食稳产增产，必须要不断完善粮食生产支持政策，强化现代农业基础支撑，确保三大谷物面积稳定在14亿亩以上，口粮面积稳定在8亿亩以上，粮食产能要持续稳定在1.3万亿斤以上。”中国人民大学教授、国家粮食安全战略研究院院长程国强说。（记者汪子旭 水金辰）
中新网评：处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称，将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对，企图将核污水“一倒了之”，把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图：日本福岛第一核电站。2011年，福岛核电站事故发生后，大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋，对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害，数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日，作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由，在2021年4月13日，正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多，日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称，这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全，甚至“可以喝”，这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上，经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质，核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收，长期来看，将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁，最终危害人类健康。
因此，核污水排海计划推出后，遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示，福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中，约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场，反对该计划。
日本政府认为，核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案，但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海，核污水会随着洋流流动，其影响势必会跨越国界，危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称，相关研究认为，福岛核污水如果排放入海，约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域，该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告，若日本将所有核污水排入海中，不到半年，整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁，包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国，有义务保护海洋环境。然而，在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上，日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估，但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论，并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下，日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设，这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道，日本必须正视各方合理关切，在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后，制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远，若只顾眼前，执意将核污水排放入海，不仅其自身，周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单，其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
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